stout

英[staʊt] 美[staʊt]

复数: stouts;比较级: stouter;最高级: stoutest;副词: stoutly;名词: stoutness;

1. stand + out => stout.
2. 站如松，坐如钟。
3. 司陶特(Stout)黑啤酒, 又名"黑啤", 是一种爱尔兰生产的著名上面发酵黑啤酒。

stout 勇敢的，强壮的，粗壮的，肥壮的

来自古法语 estout,勇敢的，狂暴的，骄傲的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stultaz,雄壮的，庄严的，沉稳的，来自 PIE*stel,放置，站立，词源同 stall,still.字母 l 软化为 u.词义贬义化为粗壮的，肥壮的。

stout: stout: [14] Stout originally meant ‘proud, brave’. It came via Anglo-Norman stout from a prehistoric West Germanic *stult- (source also of German stolz ‘proud’), which may have been related to the ancestor of English stilt. The notion of ‘braveness’ led on to that of ‘physical strength’ and ‘powerful physique’, but the word did not go downhill to ‘fat’ until the end of the 18th century. The application to a sort of strong beer dates from the 17th century.
=> stilt
stout (adj.): c. 1300, "proud, valiant, strong," from Old French estout "brave, fierce, proud," earlier estolt "strong," from a Germanic source from West Germanic *stult- "proud, stately, strutting" (cognates: Middle Low German stolt "stately, proud," German stolz "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"), from PIE root *stel- "to put, stand" (see stall (n.1)). Meaning "strong in body, powerfully built" is attested from late 14c., but has been displaced by the (often euphemistic) meaning "thick-bodied, fat and large, bulky in figure," which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in figurative phrase stout-hearted (1550s). Related: Stoutly; stoutness.
stout (n.): 1670s, "strong beer or ale," from stout (adj.). Later especially, and now usually, "porter of extra strength" (by 1762).

2. The invasion was held up by unexpectedly stout resistance.: 入侵行动因遭遇到了出乎意料的顽强抵抗而受阻。